Resistance in agricultural pests

Please contact Bruce McDonald if you want to choose a paper within this topic.

Review articles on fungicide resistance

Brent, K.J. Fungicide resistance in crop pathogens. 1995. FRAC Monograph no. 1. [pdf]

van den Bosch, F., and C. A. Gilligan. 2008. Models of fungicide resistance dynamics. Annual Review of Phytopathology 46:123-147. [pdf]

Other papers

Brunner, P. C., F. L. Stefanato, and B. A. McDonald. 2008. Evolution of the CYP51 gene in Mycosphaerella graminicola: evidence for intragenic recombination and selective replacement. Molecular Plant Pathology 9:305-316. [pdf]

Carriere, Y. 2003. Haplodiploidy, sex, and the evolution of pesticide resistance. Journal of Economic Entomology 96:1626-1640. [pdf]

Genet, J. L., G. Jaworska, and F. Deparis. 2006. Effect of dose rate and mixtures of fungicides on selection for Qol resistance in populations of Plasmopara viticola. Pest Management Science 62:188-194. [pdf]

Janmaat, A. F., and J. Myers. 2003. Rapid evolution and the cost of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis in greenhouse populations of cabbage loopers, Trichoplusia ni. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences 270:2263-2270. [pdf]

Kretschmer, M., et al. 2009. Fungicide-Driven Evolution and Molecular Basis of Multidrug Resistance in Field Populations of the Grey Mould Fungus Botrytis cinerea. Plos Pathogens 5. [pdf]

Leroux, P., C. Albertini, A. Gautier, M. Gredt, and A. S. Walker. 2007. Mutations in the CYP51 gene correlated with changes in sensitivity to sterol 14 alpha-demethylation inhibitors in field isolates of Mycosphaerelia graminicola. Pest Management Science 63:688-698. [pdf]

Ma, Z. H., and T. J. Michailides. 2005. Advances in understanding molecular mechanisms of fungicide resistance and molecular detection of resistant genotypes in phytopathogenic fungi. Crop Protection 24:853-863. [pdf]

Metcalfe, R. J., M. W. Shaw, and P. E. Russell. 2000. The effect of dose and mobility on the strength of selection for DMI fungicide resistance in inoculated field experiments. Plant Pathology 49:546-557. [pdf]
Plots of spring wheat cv. Baldus were inoculated at GS 13 with four Mycosphaerella graminicola isolates, two relatively susceptible and two relatively resistant to DMI fungicides. Changes in the ratio of relatively susceptible to resistant types following fungicide or water sprays were measured. Three fungicides were compared: flutriafol, which is very mobile within leaves, fluquinconazole, which is less so, and prochloraz, which is almost immobile. All are inhibitors of sterol demethylation. In 1996, fungicide-treated plots were sprayed once with half the recommended dose at GS 39-47. In 1997, three doses were used: one-quarter and one-eighth of the recommended dose and a dual application of two one-eighth recommended doses, a week apart. Isolates were classified using a discriminating dose assay and the ratio of relatively susceptible to relatively resistant isolates in each field plot before and after fungicide application calculated. In both years, the numbers of relatively susceptible and relatively resistant isolates were equal just before fungicide application. All fungicides caused significant selection towards resistance, but the strength of selection varied with fungicide, dose and position in the crop canopy. Fluquinconazole selected most strongly and gave the best control of disease. Interactions between fungicide and dose were not significant. Selection was equally strong all along leaves sprayed with prochloraz, but increased smoothly from base to tip of leaves sprayed with fluquinconazole or flutriafol. Averaged over fungicides, reducing the dose of a single fungicide application from one-quarter to one-eighth slightly reduced selection towards resistance on both leaf layers. The dual one-eighth dose caused twice the change of the single one-eighth dose on the flag leaf, but was similar to a single spray on leaf 2.

Schnabel, E. L., and A. L. Jones. 1999. Distribution of tetracycline resistance genes and transposons among phylloplane bacteria in Michigan apple orchards. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65:4898-4907. [pdf]

Shaw, M. W. 1989. INDEPENDENT ACTION OF FUNGICIDES AND ITS CONSEQUENCES FOR STRATEGIES TO RETARD THE EVOLUTION OF FUNGICIDE RESISTANCE. Crop Protection 8:405-411. [pdf]

Torriani, S. F. F., P. C. Brunner, B. A. McDonald, and H. Sierotzki. 2009. QoI resistance emerged independently at least 4 times in European populations of Mycosphaerella graminicola. Pest Management Science 65:155-162. [pdf]

Verweij, P. E., E. Snelders, G. H. J. Kema, E. Mellado, and W. J. G. Melchers. 2009. Azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus: a side-effect of environmental fungicide use? Lancet Infectious Diseases 9:789-795. [pdf]